LESSON N°2 Web Version
2.2Classification according to its force of obligation
The rule of law, according to its force of obligation, is divided into two categories: mandatory rules and default rules.
We distinguish between “mandatory rules[1]” and “default rules[2]” concerning the strength of obligation. Some authors used the terms “complementary rules” and “imperatives rules” [3] but this a literal translation of the Arabic words respectively “مكملة”, “آمرة”, this translation is not accurate: For first one“مكملة”” we use in English the term “default rules”, we can say also in Arabic “قواعد مقررة” and for the second one we use the term “mandatory rules”, “آمرة قواعد”.
All rules of law are compulsory but there is a difference between a “mandatory rules” and “default ones”. For the mandatory rule, is a rule of public order which is imposed on subjects of law and don’t give the opportunity for persons to express their own will, there is no derogation for persons, while a default rules allow persons to express their own will[4], by default the persons don’t express their will, the objective rule applies.
جميع قواعد القانون ملزمة ولكن هناك فرق بين القاعدة الآمرة والقاعدة المكملة عندما يتعلق الأمر بقوة الالزام. فالقاعدة الآمرة هي قاعدة النظام العام التي تُفرض على أشخاص القانون ولا تترك مجال للأشخاص لتعبير عن ارادتهم الخاصة، بينما القاعدة المكملة تترك مجال للأشخاص لتعبير عن ارادتهم الخاصة و تطبق القاعدة العامة فقط في حالة عدم التعبير عن إرادتهم الخاصة.
[1] We refer to the latin term of “Jus cogens” rules for which there is no derogation. https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/document/obo-9780199796953/obo-9780199796953-0124.xml.
[2] https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1581&context=faculty_scholarship#:~:text=In%20the%20economic%20analysis%20of,rules%2C%20which%20parties%20cannot%20alter. See also:
محمد خليل أبو بكر، المصطلحات القانونية باللغة الإنجليزية، عمانـ الأردن، مكتبة المجتمع العربي للنشر والتوزيع، 2012،ص. 14. [3]
[4] Schwartz, Alan, and Robert E. Scott. “THE COMMON LAW OF CONTRACT AND THE DEFAULT RULE PROJECT.” Virginia Law Review, vol. 102, no. 6, 2016, pp. 1523–88. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/43923343. Accessed 13 Sept. 2023.
.القانون المدني"،الأمانة العامة للحكومة، المرجع السابق، ص. 71[5]